Eye diseases

Is our vision blurred? Do you have difficulty focusing?

The Most Common Eye Diseases

The health of our eyes is a perfectly normal state for most of us, and we don’t realise what a treasure it is to have problem-free vision. But it’s important to look out for every little sign, as early detection can be the biggest help with most eye conditions.

We’ve put together 22 common eye diseases to help you get to know them better. What are the symptoms, where should we go and what are our options?

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It’s a good idea to take control of your health as soon as possible!

01

Conjunctivitis

Are your eyes red, itchy, oozing, burning and stinging? If you are experiencing these, there is a good chance that you have conjunctivitis. This can be caused by bacteria or a virus and treatment should be based on specialist advice. With the right therapy, we can usually get over this unpleasant eye condition quickly.

02

Eyelid inflammation

Eyelid inflammation, also known as blepharitis, is one of the most common, yet often misunderstood, ophthalmological problems, which primarily covers a chronic inflammatory condition at the edge of the eyelid. The disease can present in different forms, affecting both the lower and upper eyelids, and can be caused by a variety of reasons. Although it is not one of the most serious eye diseases, its unpleasant symptoms and tendency to recur can have a significant negative impact on quality of life.

03

Barley on the eyelids

The small pimple-like phenomenon that appears at the edge of the eyelid is more than likely barley. Especially if it is accompanied by other discomforts such as swelling, pain or possibly discharge. There are several treatments that can help, but only specialist help is recommended.

04

Conjunctival haemorrhage

Looking in the mirror in the morning and seeing the whites of your eyes covered in blood can be frightening for you. Clearly, our family can be frightened by the sight. As horrendous as it may seem, it is a harmless phenomenon that will gradually disappear on its own. It’s worth keeping an eye out in case it happens more often!

05

Optic nerve atrophy (optic neuropathy)

Our visual experience is not just about the health of our eyeballs. The optic nerve, also known as the optic nerve, plays just as important a role, as it is the ‘cable’ that transmits information from the back of the eye to the brain. If this cord is damaged, it can lead to permanent vision loss and even blindness.

06

Cataracts

Cataracts often creep slowly and insidiously into our lives, with signs that we would at first attribute to ageing. If your glasses are no longer working well, or if they are becoming greyer or duller in colour, the possibility of this eye problem may arise. For us, it is a question, but if you go to an optometrist, he or she will give you the right diagnosis.

07

Glaucoma

Frequent headaches, pressure in the eyes and other visual problems can often indicate glaucoma eye disease. It is worth visiting our optometrist if you have these symptoms, where a simple eye pressure test can help you make a diagnosis. The disease is easily treatable, can be kept at a level of 1 or 2x drops a day, and with early detection, the patient can live a full life.

08

Cylindrical eye

The problem, also known as astigma, affects many people. In this case, a kind of refractive error disrupts our vision, which, to put it simply, means that the eye does not have a single focal point. In many cases, only one eye is affected, but the sooner we recognise it, the better. Frequent but severe headaches, blurred vision and a loss of visual acuity can also be symptoms. It is important to correct it with appropriate glasses or contact lenses, otherwise the eye will deteriorate further.

09

Macular degeneration

Our eyes age with us, and over the age of 60, calcification of the fundus and the area of sharp vision is very common. If the straight lines in front of your eyes – for example, when looking at a tile – are curving, or if you feel that there are simply no good glasses for you, it’s time to see a specialist. It is possible to keep the problem at a level, or some options can help you to keep reading.

10

Strabismus

In strabismus, if you look straight ahead, your eyes are not parallel to each other. This misalignment can affect only one eye, or both eyes. In this case, there is no field vision and no binocular vision, which can be a particular problem when driving or working with monitors, for example. What solutions can help?

11

Hidden squint

In this case, we mainly notice that one eye “slides” in or out when we are very tired. Ask your optometrist to help you to make sure you have a problem and to help you to find out what you can do!

12

Near-sightedness

Myopia is a very common eye problem. If you notice in your everyday life that you are always squinting to see something better from a distance, you are likely to be nearsighted. We may be familiar with situations when driving, when traffic signs cause us difficulty, when we can’t see if we want to get on the right bus, or when we prefer to sit in the front row of the bus bench at the university to see the projector. A simple check can easily tell you what’s going on.

13

Farsightedness (hypermetropia)

Farsightedness is one of the most well-known refractive errors, which manifests itself in blurred vision of objects at any distance. Many people confuse it with old age, but farsightedness is not an age-related problem – it often occurs in childhood and can have a serious impact on everyday quality of life.

14

Astigmatism

Astigmatism, also known as astigmatism, is a very common refractive error that affects the everyday vision of millions of people around the world. Although myopia and hypermetropia are well known, astigmatism is still a less well understood and often misunderstood condition.

15

Wolf blindness

If your eyesight is noticeably poorer at dusk or dawn, you may have the possibility of wolf blindness. In most cases, this is caused by a lack of vitamin A, but it can still occur if you make sure you get enough vitamin A. In such cases, we should also think of an absorption or metabolic disorder.

16

Double vision

Double vision is when we see the same thing mentally, or perhaps see two of them. It is more a symptom than a disease, and the causes can be many and varied. Whether it is high blood pressure, thyroid disease, or even paralysis of the eye muscles, the underlying condition must always be treated in order to make this unpleasant symptom go away. However, if it is persistent and bothersome, other solutions may be considered.

17

Ocular misalignment

When the line of sight of the two eyes is not parallel when looking into the distance, this is called ocular misalignment. There are several reasons for this problem, and unfortunately it can occur from birth. The most important symptom is double vision, but in children it may also be responsible for learning difficulties. After investigation, early treatment is the best option and can take years.

18

Presbyopia

Over forty, it is quite natural to hold the book further away when reading or not to see the small print when shopping. After all, like us, our eyes age and it becomes much harder to focus. Presbyopia can often be solved with a good pair of reading glasses, but there are other options depending on how much we have developed this eye problem.

19

Dry eyes

Dry eyes can occur for several reasons. If you wear contact lenses and sometimes leave them in, or work in front of a monitor all day, your eyes can often feel like they’re getting dusty by the evening. Our eyes can get dry from blinking less, so it’s good to take care of them. Treat them to artificial tears every 2 hours or so, but in some cases, it’s also good to use personalised protection. For example, a good pair of monitor glasses with a blue light filter may be needed.

20

Retinal damage, retinal detachment

Although retinal detachment is not one of the most common eye diseases, it is important to know what symptoms may indicate it. Unfortunately, if not treated in time, it can cause complete vision loss. The process, which can initially lead to styesight and later to vision loss, can be stopped and corrected if we act in time.

21

Keratoconus

Keratoconus is a slowly progressive eye disease in which the cornea – the transparent front surface of the eye – gradually thins and becomes cone-shaped. This deformity distorts incoming light, causing a significant loss of vision. Although it may at first seem a rare condition, keratoconus is not uncommon, especially among young adults.

22

Colour vision disorders

When we perceive a colour as fainter, we are probably dealing with colour misalignment disorder. If we only see the colour as greyish, we are talking about colour blindness. These colour vision disorders are usually the result of hereditary processes, but often those who are born with the problem are unaware of it. How can we find out?

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