What exactly is eyelid inflammation?
Blepharitis is an inflammatory process that develops on the edges of the eyelids, called the eyelid rim. This is the area where the eyelashes are located, as well as the orifices of the Meibomian glands, which produce the oily secretions needed to protect the surface of the eye. If these glands do not function properly – for example, if they become blocked or become infected – an inflammatory reaction can occur. Blepharitis can be a disease in its own right, but it can also be associated with other eye conditions such as dry eye or rosacea.
Types of eyelid inflammation
Two basic types are distinguished, depending on which part of the eyelid lining is affected. Anterior blepharitis develops at the base of the eyelashes, and posterior blepharitis at the outlets of the Meibomian glands. The former is often associated with a bacterial infection or seborrhoeic dermatitis, while the latter is usually caused by chronic gland dysfunction.
Causes of eyelid inflammation
Contributing factors can include poor eyelid hygiene, overuse of cosmetics around the eyes, bacterial or fungal infections, or skin conditions such as rosacea or atopic dermatitis. Blocked glands prevent the natural secretions from draining properly, which in turn provides a breeding ground for pathogens.
Warning signs and symptoms
Eyelid inflammation is usually mild, but with ongoing discomfort that can worsen over time. The most common symptoms are:
- eyelid itching, burning or stinging sensation,
- a yellowish or greenish deposit that sticks to the edge of the eyelid,
- morning eyelid condensation,
- swollen, reddened eyelids,
- feeling of alienation in the eye,
- increased watering or dry eyes,
- blurred vision at times,
- loss or abnormal growth of eyelashes.
Symptoms are particularly intense in the morning and tend to recur from time to time.
When should you see an ophthalmologist?
Blepharitis is diagnosed by an ophthalmological examination, during which the specialist looks at the edge of the eyelid, the eyelashes and the condition of the tear film. During the examination, attention is paid to the degree of inflammation, the function of the glands and whether there are other underlying conditions. In some cases, a swab or laboratory test may be necessary, for example if infection is suspected.
Treatment options
Treating blepharitis is a complex task, not only to eliminate the inflammation, but also to prevent recurrence. It is essential to maintain good eyelid hygiene, which can be achieved by daily warm compresses and eyelid cleansing.
In more severe cases, the ophthalmologist may prescribe antibiotic eye drops, ointment or anti-inflammatory (possibly steroid) treatment. If the inflammation is caused by a skin condition, such as rosacea, concurrent treatment is also essential.
It is particularly important to stress that treatment should always be determined by a specialist and the prescriptions should be followed precisely, as inflammation can become chronic.
Prevention and lifestyle advice
It is important to maintain good eyelid hygiene every day to prevent recurrence. This includes gentle cleansing of the eye area, complete removal of make-up and support for the meibomian glands by applying a warm compress. Contact lens wearers are advised to exercise extra caution and to seek the advice of an ophthalmologist to suspend use if necessary.
Can eyelid inflammation be contagious?
Blepharitis is not classically an infectious disease, but some forms, especially if bacterial, can be transmitted indirectly (e.g. by sharing towels). It is therefore important to maintain good personal hygiene during treatment.
The disease is often chronic, meaning it can recur from time to time, especially if the underlying predisposing factors (e.g. dry eyes, rosacea, oily skin) are not properly treated.
When should you see an ophthalmologist?
If there is persistent redness, pain, discharge or discomfort at the edge of the eyelid, it is always worth consulting an ophthalmologist. This is particularly important if the symptoms return or do not improve with home treatment.
